What Not to Do If Bitten by a Snake

 What Not to Do If Bitten by a Snake — And Why Nigeria’s Health System Matters

Introduction

Snake bites can be frightening. They can also be medical emergencies requiring swift, expert care. Despite this, many myths and unsafe practices persist about how to respond. Worse still, life-saving treatments such as antivenom are sometimes unavailable even in major hospitals—with tragic consequences, as recent events in Nigeria have shown.

A Tragedy That Highlights a Systemic Problem

A snake bit 25-year-old Nigerian singer Ifunanya Nwangene, popularly known as Nanyah, in her Abuja residence towards the end of January 2026. She went to several hospitals for emergency care, but the antivenom was either insufficient or not available. She eventually passed away as her condition deteriorated, causing a great deal of shock and criticism of the health system's ability to respond to emergencies and its supply of vital medications.

Her death, widely reported in Nigerian media, drew attention to the persistent shortage of antivenom—a drug that health professionals say is the only effective treatment for venomous snakebite envenoming.

This case, and broader reports of antivenom scarcity in health facilities, underscore persistent gaps in emergency medical infrastructure across Nigeria’s health sector. Many hospitals struggle to maintain essential medicine supplies, and rural communities in particular face delays in treatment and high costs for lifesaving drugs.

Things Not to Do Following a Snake Bite

Getting someone skilled medical care as soon as possible after being bitten by a snake should be the top priority. There are typical reactions that can exacerbate the situation along the way. Steer clear of the following:

1. Do Not Use a Tight Tourniquet

Wrapping a tight band or string around the limb to “stop blood flow” isn’t helpful. It doesn’t stop venom from spreading and can cut off circulation, causing tissue damage or even limb loss.

2. Do Not Cut the Bite or Try to Suck Out Venom

Cutting the bite with a knife or razor and attempting to suck venom out is ineffective. These efforts do not neutralize venom and instead raise the risk of bleeding and infection.

3. Avoid Using Cold Packs or Ice

Long-term cold can harm deeper tissues and sensitive skin, and icing the bite won't stop the spread of venom.

4. Do Not Drink Alcohol or Caffeine

Alcohol and caffeine can affect the body’s circulatory system and potentially speed the onset of venom effects, making symptoms worse rather than better.

5. Do Not Take Painkillers Without Medical Advice

Some common painkillers can thin blood or mask worsening symptoms, which complicates assessment and care. Medication should only be administered as directed by a physician.

The Reasons for the Persistence of These "Old Wives' Tales"

Misinformation on first aid for snakebite is pervasive in many communities, particularly in rural areas. In place of actual medical care, people frequently turn to unproven and risky traditional cures, such as herbal remedies or spiritual therapies.

The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that snakebite treatment relies on prompt, professional care—including antivenom administration in a hospital and discourages outdated or harmful first-aid practices.

Nigeria’s Health Infrastructure: A Crucial Part of the Conversation

Nanyah’s death put a spotlight on a broader, structural challenge: health infrastructure in Nigeria is under strain. Many hospitals, even in large cities, are reportedly lacking in basic emergency medications, such as antivenom. There are persistent stock shortages, particularly outside of large cities, as well as difficulties with financing, purchasing, and distribution.

Every year, hundreds of snakebite cases are reported in Nigeria, and far too many victims are unable to receive treatment because antivenom is either expensive or scarce.

More comprehensive investment in emergency services, better supply chains for critical medicines, and stronger rural health infrastructure are essential steps in preventing future avoidable deaths.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Does every snake bite require medical attention?

Yes! Even if the snake isn’t venomous or you’re not sure, professional assessment is crucial because symptoms can change rapidly.

2. Should I attempt to capture or eliminate the snake that has bitten someone?

 Not at all. This increases danger and postpones therapy. Try your best to describe the snake to the medical personnel, but concentrate on receiving treatment.

3. How soon should a victim of a bite arrive at a hospital?

 As quickly as you can. Antivenom is most effective when administered as soon as possible, ideally within hours of the bite.

4. Can traditional medicine help?
There’s no credible evidence that herbs or spiritual remedies can neutralize snake venom. They often delay effective care, making outcomes worse.

Conclusion

Surviving a venomous snake bite depends on correct first aid and access to effective medical treatment, especially antivenom. Avoid harmful practices like tourniquets, cutting the wound, or trying to remove venom with suction. Rather, concentrate on getting the patient to a hospital as soon as possible.

Singer Nanyah's tragic death in Nigeria serves as a sobering reminder that systemic health infrastructure problems, such as antivenom shortages, can convert avoidable situations into fatalities. Future life-saving measures include bolstering emergency treatment, guaranteeing medication supply, and teaching the public about safe reactions.